Understanding Protein Losing Enteropathy in Dogs
Protein Losing Enteropathy (PLE) is a gastrointestinal condition in dogs that causes proteins that are usually kept in the blood to leak into the intestines. This can lead to serious health issues if not caught quickly and managed properly. Let’s break down what this means, how to recognize it, and how it can be treated.
What is Protein Losing Enteropathy?
Proteins are important building blocks for our bodies, and they play a crucial role in keeping us healthy. In dogs, proteins can be found in the blood, where they help maintain proper fluid balance and support the immune system. In dogs with PLE, these proteins in the blood drop as they are leaked into the intestines. This can lead to a number of GI symptoms as well as fluid build up in the limbs, chest or belly.
How Does It Happen?
PLE occurs when the lining of the intestines becomes severely damaged or inflamed. This damage allows proteins to seep out of the blood and into the intestines. There are several reasons why this might happen:
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Chronic and severe inflammation of the intestines can lead to PLE.
- Lymphangiectasia: Dilation of the lymph vessels throughout the GI tract.
- Cancer: Some tumors or cancers of the stomach and intestines can lead to protein loss.
- Infections: Certain infections can damage the intestinal lining.
- Parasites: Heavy infestations of parasites can also contribute to this condition.
Signs to Watch For
PLE can cause a variety of symptoms and not all dogs suffer from the same signs. Here are some common signs that might indicate a dog has this condition:
- Vomiting: Some dogs may vomit regularly.
- Diarrhea: Frequent, watery stools can be a sign of PLE.
- Weight Loss: Dogs with PLE often lose weight and muscle mass because they’re not getting enough nutrients.
- Swollen Abdomen: The abdomen may become swollen due to fluid buildup.
- Edema: Swelling in the legs or other parts of the body can occur because of fluid imbalance.
Diagnosis
To diagnose PLE, a veterinarian will typically perform several tests:
- Blood Tests: These can help determine if protein levels are low.
- Urine analysis: To confirm that protein is not being loss into the urine.
- Stool Tests: To check for parasites or infections.
- Ultrasound: Imaging can reveal abnormalities in the intestines such as abnormal thickening or masses.
- Endoscopy and Biopsy: Looking inside the intestines and taking a tissue sample is necessary to identify the underlying cause.
Treatment
Treating PLE involves addressing the underlying cause and managing the symptoms. Treatment options may include:
- Steroids: Steroids or other immune system modulating drugs may be used to reduce inflammation in the gut.
- Special Diet: A special diet that’s ultra-low fat, easily digestible and hypoallergenic can help to decrease inflammation and increase protein absorption. Some dogs may also benefit from a home-cooked diet.
- Blood thinners: Dogs with PLE are at increased risk of forming blood clots.
- Antibiotics: May be needed in some pets to treat infections in the gut.
- Probiotics: Used to support the GI tract and help maintain healthy gut bacteria.
Living with PLE
Managing a dog with PLE requires regular veterinary check-ups and a tailored treatment plan. There is no single approach to treatment of PLE that works for every pet. With proper care, some dogs with PLE can lead happy and healthy lives. It’s important for dog owners to work closely with their veterinarians to monitor their pet’s condition and make any necessary adjustments to their treatment plan.
Conclusion
Protein Losing Enteropathy is a serious condition, but with prompt diagnosis and effective treatment, many dogs can recover and over time their symptoms can be managed. Unfortunately, even with aggressive treatment some dogs will still die of this disease. If you notice any of the signs mentioned or if you have concerns about your dog’s health, it’s always best to consult with your veterinarian for guidance and support.
